An estimated 3.9 million Nigerians are living with HIV, which ranks Nigeria second in the world in terms of the total number of people in the country living with the virus. Despite a reduction in the HIV prevalence rate to 4.1% from its 2001 peak at 5.8% and an expansion in treatment programmes, as more Nigerians move from initial HIV infection to AIDS, increasing numbers are expected to die in the coming years.